Rationale , Pros and Cons of the Dual Law Enforcement System

The Criminal Justice System â€Å"The judicial system of the United States is unique in so far as it is actually made up of two different court systems, the Federal Court System and the State Court System†. ( United States Courts). â€Å"The U. S. Constitution created a governmental structure for the United States known as Federalism. The Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government and reserves the res for the states.. The Constitution states that the governments is supreme with regard to those powers expressly or implicitly delegated to it, the states remain supreme in matters reserved for them†. (United States Courts). â€Å"The Federal Court System refers to two types of courts, an Article III court, thes courts were derived from†¦show more content†¦Intermediate appellate courts (in many states and not all states 0 and the highest state are called by various names. Unlike federal judges, most state judges are not appointed for life, but, either they are elected or appointed, ( or a combination of both for a certain number of years). They are courts with limited jurisdiction. They are Probate Courts, Family Courts Traffic Courts, Juvenile Courts, Small Claims Courts and Municipal Courts†. (United States Courts). â€Å"The State Trial Courts of general jurisdiction are the main Trial Courts in the State system. These Courts are Circuits Courts, Superior Courts of common pleasand even in New York, Supreme Courts. In certain cases, these courts can hear appeals from trial courtsof limited jurisdiction. The State Courts include Intermediate Appellate Courts and Supreme Courts†. (United States Courts). â€Å"The Department of Homeland Security was created by the Homeland Security Act, 2002 after the terrorist attach on the World Center New York City , September 11, 2002. It grew out of the Office of Homeland Security established by President George W. Bush† . ( Answers.com). â€Å"The components of the Department of Homeland Security are; The Customs and Border Protection, Federal Emergency Management Agency, The Transportation Security Administration, The U S Citizenship and ImmigrationShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Mandatory Arrests On Domestic Violence Essay3578 Words   |  15 Pagesdecades of increased activism and raised awareness by government agencies, the public and many nonprofit organizations, domestic violence still remains a serious problem within the United States. In order to combat domestic violence, many states passed laws and legislation requiring police to make warrantless arrests in response to all domestic violence calls. 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The Theme of Perversity in Edgar Allen Poe’s the Black Cat

The Theme of Perversity in Edgar Allen Poe’s The Black Cat ENG 201 American Literature to 1865 2/28/2012 The Black Cat is a tale that leaves the reader somewhat perplexed. It certainly contains all the ingredients necessary to satisfy the appetite of any Poe enthusiast - an enigmatic narrator, alcohol and the effects thereof, mutilation, strangulation, murder, putrefaction, and, last but not least, one of Poes slight (but recurring) obsessions, perversity - but we are left wondering whether the tale really amounts to anything much at all. One could almost split this short story into two halves: one that contains a couple of ideas worth considering; and another that simply indulges briefly in an unlikely plot before grinding to a†¦show more content†¦One day when the narrator and his wife are visiting the cellar in their new home, the cat gets under its maters feet, nearly tripping him. In a fury, the man grabs an axe and tried to kill the cat but is stopped by his wife and ends up killing her with the axe instead. Near the beginning of the tale, the narrator says he would be mad indeed if he should expect a reader to believe the story implying that he has already been accused of madness. This confession can be applied to the actions the narrator takes until and after he mistakenly murders his wife. During the process of proving that he is not mad, we increasingly see the actions of a madman who knows that he is going mad but who, at times, is able to objectively comment on the process of his increasing madness, Any sane human would most likely (hopefully) seek legal assistance and promptly report such a tragic accident. A reasonable person would understand that certain repercussions for their manslaughter would be necessary but far better than attempting to conceal the crime. The narrator in The Black Cat uses his more vicious judgment and decides to hide her body in the wall. After carefully removing enough bricks, placing the corpse in the empty space, and repairing the hole the narrator feels satisfied with his efforts. When the police come to inves tigate the disappearance, a fewShow MoreRelatedPsychoanalytic Analysis on the Black Cat649 Words   |  3 Pageson The Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe First of all, let us go into the world of â€Å"The Black Cat† and delve into the inner workings of the dark side of the human mind. The Black Cat is a story that leaves the reader perplexed to some extent. It certainly contains all the ingredients necessary to satisfy the appetite of any Poe enthusiast – an enigmatic narrator, alcohol , mutilation, strangulation, murder, and, last but not least, one of Poes slight obsessions, perversity In the story

Human Sexuality and Disability Free Essays

Article Summary Chandler, B. J. , Brown, S. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sexuality and Disability or any similar topic only for you Order Now (1998). Sex and relationship dysfunction in neurological disability. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 65, 877-880. doi: 10. 1136/jnnp. 6 5. 6. 877 Researchers Chandler and Brown (1988) conducted a study to see the relationship between neurologically disabled individuals and their experienced sexual relationship problems. Primarily focused on dyadic relationships, this research further sheds light on service providing for affected individuals. A 6 months continuous study was conducted on 70 individuals who were either married, cohabiting or living alone at Hunters Moor Regional Rehabilitation Centre located in Newcastle upon Tyne. Multiple standardized tests to assess cognitive, sexual and psychiatric functioning including, sexual functioning, disability level and current relationship were used. The results showed a wide variety of diagnosis amongst individuals tested. Additionally indicated slightly more than half (51%) had experienced change in sexual functioning and almost a third (27%) of those were highly concerned about this change. Gender was highly associated with concern about sexual functioning, as men were much more concerned. The correlation between sexual dysfunction and duration of illness strongly predicted relationship dissatisfaction. Researchers also suggested that concern is a desire to seek help and so more than one in four required help for sexual dysfunction. The outcome of this study implied sexual dysfunction can predict difficulties within a relationship and the dyadic relationship is an important aspect in managing disability. Further suggesting services designed to address sexual health should also consider and integrate relationship issues when seeking solutions. Reflective Journal Introduction to topic: Human Sexuality and Disability Sexual health is an important aspect of all human beings. Dr. Mona (2011) noted disabled individuals may not fit into the typical category of what is sexually desirable in our society and can result in low sexual self esteem. Disability is a complex phenomenon, which has different aspects. Our group was curious and wanted to research on preconceived assumptions on Sexuality and Disability. The research dealt with physical disability (Injuries affecting mobility, Individuals with Cancer resulting in physical limitations etc. ) its relationship with sexual pleasure, expression and services provided for concerned individuals. The Travelling Tickle Trunk Shop. Research and collecting Informaiton Located within Edmonton made it easy to conduct research on this agency. Additionally the range and quality of services was accessible and welcoming to disabled individuals. The Methodology involved, contacting the owner Brenda Kerber through e-mail and phone to set up an interview. We personally contacted Brenda at the Tickle Trunk located on Whyte Avenue. During this period she willingly provided answers and useful information. More to this, we analyzed the store set up, services and policies to accommodate disabled customers. Perceptions and Personal Impact of this Research Brenda had stated the initial idea to set up this particular store being a customer request that she later researched into and established in 2008 (personal communication, Oct. 31, 2012), indicating a wide customer range. I have learnt the variety of customers is not limited to race, culture, age, physical ability or gender. I would always assume customers of sex stores being sex addicts or having some physiological difficulties during sexual intercourse. My assumptions essentially root from my culture. Sex is a reserved topic until marriage and is therefore associated with procreation. I am aware of the pleasurable aspects of sex and this research has broadened my viewpoint. Another major assumption was with regards to disabled customers being asexual and/or loosing total sense of feel in sexual organs completely. Dr. Tepper’s (2000) research helped publicize sexual oppression of disabled individuals and eliminated some of my assumptions enlightening me to the complex world of disability (acquired disability, mental illness, physical disability, prenatal disability etc). Disabled individuals at least here in North America are engaged in sexual activity and I would state are having better and creative sex. Major personal turning point of this research was knowing the multiple ways to enhance one’s sex life. Social impact and Applications of this research The Tickle Trunk, is a business that is very welcoming to all individuals. This can help curious couples experiment, aid new migrants better immerse in the western culture of Sexuality and for disabled individuals (visually, hearing) private parties are conducted to help explore sexuality. Brenda has helped many physically disabled/impaired and individuals with cancer better embrace their sexual lives. On a large scale, Alberta being noted for its conservative views and reserved sexual attitude. The open minded and supportive approach of The Tickle Trunk can help educate and promote satisfying healthy sex to the general Edmonton society. Personally aspiring to be in the Nursing field certain information might be applicable during patient treatment, diagnosis etc. Disability and motherhood, guidance for parenting and resources (O’toole, 2002) are other aspects of interest to me, from a career and female rights advocate perspective. Personal and Literature related experiences of the research Pleasure is an important affirmative of life regardless of physical disability. Another similarity was the variety of individuals. In the article age ranges from 16-64 were examined. Where as customers at the shop had much more variation. Journals are scientific papers, a few controlled variables and numerical associations to sexual expression/satisfaction was noted. Whereas visiting the store gave a more personal and opinionated view of considering disability and sexuality. Overall, the different sources aided in reaching a balanced perspective. Reference List Chandler, B. J. , Brown, S. (1998). Sex and relationship dysfunction in neurological disability. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 65, 877-880. doi: 10. 1136/jnnp. 6 5. 6. 877 Kerber, Brenda. (Owner, Educator–The Travelling Tickle Trunk), personal communication October 31, 2012. O’toole, C. J. (2002). Sex Disability And Motherhood: Access To Sexuality For Disabled Mother Dsiability studies Quarterly 22(4), 81-101. Retrieved from http://dsq-sds. org/article/view/374/495 Paget, L. (2011, June 8). Dr. Linda Monda Sex and Disability. TogiEntertainment, Inc. Lindale Texas, USA: Â © 2012 Toginet Radio. Retrieved from http://podbay. fm/show/415882898/e/1309935600? autostart=1 Tepper, M. S. (2000). Sexuality and Disability: The Missing Discourse of Pleasure. HumanScience Press. 18(4), 283-290. Retrieved from http://wmst419. drkissling. com/winter2011/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Tepper2000. pdf How to cite Human Sexuality and Disability, Essay examples

Traditions of Meditation in Ancient †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Traditions of Meditation in Ancient. Answer: Introduction: A significant question has been asked many times, is Buddhism a religion? There are several criteria that can be used to answer this question. For example, the following aspects are present in case of many religions, beginning, ritual, believers, morality, goals and purpose. In the present research network, an attempt has been made to compare Buddhism with other accepted religions of the world and use these criteria from the standpoint and the belief that Buddhism is indeed a religion. First of all, the issue needs to be considered from the point of view all the beginning of the religion. In case of every religion, there is a beginning. However, the major difference that is present regarding the beginning of Buddhism and the beginning of other religions is related with the amount of time (Anderson, 1999). It needs to be noted that Buddhism had appeared overnight. That is true, Buddhism appeared overnight while other religions like Hinduism are taken endless years to evolve. But still, it has a beginning and a history. Although in terms of beginning, it is somewhat minor but still it has a beginning and a historical sense to it. This is one competitive where Buddhism is hugely similar to the other globally accepted religions (Anderson, 2003). The next issue is related with ritual. In case of Christianity, Judaism and Hinduism, which other three major religions of the world, ritual is present. In the same way, as is the case with these religions, data is also one of the two forms present in Buddhism. Therefore, while the Mahayana Buddhism has included ritual, it is eschewed by the Theravada Buddhism. Therefore even if it may be argued that only one part of Buddhism has ritual, but still, ritual is a part of Buddhism (Armstrong, 2004). At the same time, it also needs to be mentioned that not all Christians, Hindus or Jews go by all the rituals that have been described by their religion. Therefore it can act as an explanation behind the reason why the Theravada part of Buddhism does not have any ritual (Gombrich, 1984). After ritual, the next elevator is related with the followers or the believers. As is the case with other religions mentioned above, there is a widespread acceptance of Buddhism also. Therefore it cannot be d escribed as a small cult that comprises only a few thousand people (Bhikkhu, 2000). Buddhism is much larger as compared to any cult. Therefore it fulfills another criteria that has been mentioned about in order to make it a religion. Morality is something that can be found in almost every major religion. Some form of morality is also present in case of Buddhism. If it was not the case, what this would be doing simply whatever they wanted to (Bond, 1992). For example, they could have simply kill each other or done wrong to each other. Therefore, at a simple, minimal level and also at an extreme level, morality intervenes in Buddhism. It is a fact that every Buddhist has to deal with on a daily basis as is the case with any other member of another religion (Brazier, 2001). Under these circumstances, there are a large number of people who have asked the question, if Buddhism which is a popular belief system initiative also be treated as a religion. However, arguments have been given by academics from East and the West in favor of and against this proposition. While some have for Buddhism as a cult not be the reason that they are against Buddhism, but because in a heated debate how Buddhism can be placed in this well-organized educational structure (Bronkhorst, 1993). The Encyclopedia Britannica has mentioned Zoroaster, the Buddha, Aristotle and Plato as the first persons in history who have blogged regarding mind and behaviors. The logic of Buddhism is among the early records present regarding with a set of principles that are outlined for the study of the mind. There are a number of Western scholars like Albert Einstein and said Arthur C. Clarke, who were rejected towards Buddhism due to the similarities that exist between scientific philosophy and the logical thinking of Buddhism (Bronkhorst, 2007). For hundreds of years, there have been academics who have identified Buddhism as a religion that is not deceased by dogmas and theologies both Einstein and Clarke were of the opinion that in order to have a future for religion in the increasingly scientific world, a religion should be like Buddhism (Bronkhorst, 2013). The reason was that Buddha has encouraged logical reasoning as compared to beliefs, constructive thinking as compared to blind faith and testing of Buddhist concepts in the real-world as compared to theoretical Buddhism. But this is the point where Buddhism no longer remains a religion, but instead, it becomes an education system that is open to any person who wants to learn and use these tools for good use (Carrithers, 1983). The logic of Buddhism, the Eight Fold Path, Five Precepts and Buddhist Karma define the core elements of Buddhism. Although it is not possible to describe all of them in detail in the present paper, but they will be used for the purpose of establishing that is and is much more than mere philosophy or an education system than a religion. The logic of Buddhism is famous due to the reason that it was one of the first structured logical thinking system role by the human civilization (Bucknell, 1984). The idea that a seed needs to be planted for a treat to grow and for the purpose of the existence of a tree, a seed needs to be a part of the cycle, has been used for the purpose of explaining the workings of the mind. According to the philosophy of Buddhism, controlling the seed needs to be given priority. As is the case with Western philosophers and scientists after the age of Enlightenment, free independent thinking was also promoted by Buddha (Carter, 1987). Instead of depending on the r eligious rules or regulations, Buddhism promotes logical reasoning for the purpose of establishing connections between the teachings of Buddhism, dharma and the real world applications. As against a religion, the followers were told by Buddha that he was not the God and therefore he should not be blindly followed by the Buddhists (Davidson, 2003). This remains the driving force due to which Buddhism can be set apart from the conventional religions. The Eight Fold Path also copies the scientific logic and processes. It is well explained, therefore, every person has the opportunity to test its effectiveness. There are three main divisions in which it has been divided; wisdom, ethical conduct and concentration (Eliade and Adams, 1987). Furthermore, it has been broken down into factors. In this way, a striking similarity exists between a well-written scientific paper and the Buddhist layout of Eight Fold Path, due to the Buddhism has become a unique religion if one has to categorize Buddhism as a religion (Eliot, 1935). The Five Precepts provided guidelines for laypersons, but they do not set up in a way for promoting the religious rule. The fact is that there are very few persons in Buddhist countries who are pure vegetarians. Most of them, including some Buddhist monks also eat fish or other type of meat. The question arises if this is against Buddhism? The answer is both yes and no. It meat is required to survive and live a healthy life, then it is not against Buddhism. On the other hand, if meat is consumed because a person likes it, then it is against Buddhism. However, Buddhism provides that no person can claim to be a Buddhist or to be a non-Buddhist. Hence, it is up to the person to decide what is wrong and what is right (Shults, 2014). The guidelines provided by Five Precepts are not rules, but they are merely guidelines. Therefore they are not rules, but tools that can be used to make the life of a person better and happier. Buddha had also said that it is the responsibility of the petitioner to learn, tried and test the theories of Buddhism before accepting them as facts. In this way, Buddha and said that the person disagrees with something, such person is free to accept what he likes and do not take what he does not like (Robinson, 1982). There are many Buddhist and non-Buddhists who do not see any problem in accepting some parts of Buddhism and at the same time, rejecting the others. Similarly, Buddhism encourages middle path while the extreme Buddhism is even considered as a negative social issue for Buddhism itself. But at the same time, it also needs to be noted that still there are certain mythical stories present in Buddhism. For example, Buddha has discussed about gods and heavens. He is also stated that a person is his own blog, because the gods. In other dimensions do not have any power over humans. Therefore, the belief in mythical heavens is against modern science and philosophy as it has no faith or trust in any Almighty God. The belief in self God is in contradiction with the very definition of religion. As a result, this is one of the reasons why it becomes very confusing to identify Buddhism as a religion or as a philosophy. Therefore, it can be stated for the Christians, Jews and Muslims, Buddhism may not fulfill the requirements of what they believe to be a religion. However, there are all the elements present in Buddhism that are present in these religions also. Buddhism has text and scriptures dating back to as far, or even further than Jesus and Mohammed. At the same time, Buddhism also gives instructions regarding the way life should be led and practiced. However, the major difference that is present in these two is the absence of God that has created the world and the universe. In this regard, we also hear a lot of regarding the term faith by the other religions. They can be described as a "belief that is not based on proof ". Buddhism also was the belief in God or in the doctrines are the teachings of religion. As a religion it also teaches many of these lessons even better. Similarly, in the form of a religion, Buddhism allows its followers to achieve something greater than themselves through th e life lessons imparted by it and the structured practices. Some experts of Buddhism explain that it is a choice that is made by all the Buddhist practitioners, according to which they can change themselves in the way. That is beneficial for all living beings, and not only their self. On the other hand, in the form of a philosophy, Buddhism provides the same lessons to the non-followers, which can be used for improving their routine lives. Therefore it can be stated in the end that out of all the other religions, there is least conflict present in case of Buddhism with modern science and philosophy. This is the reason why persons like Albert Einstein and Sir Arthur Clarke were drawn towards Buddhism. Over the years, the philosophers from the West have used the Buddhist teachings. The concepts of Buddhism have been written by them in their own words and marketed as their own. Many Western clinical psychologists have used their knowledge of Buddhism in order to help their clients without admitting that they are using Buddhism. However, the Buddhists claim that Buddha gave a wide variety of instructions. If these instructions can help us in living the life in a better way or to solve our problems, we are free to practice them. In such cases, there is no need to call ourselves Buddhists. The purpose behind the teachings of Buddha is to benefit us and if by using some of these teachings, we can live more peacefully with ourselves and others that is the most important thing. Therefore, there is no question that Buddhism is a religion, as well as a philosophy and it should be respected as such. References Anderson, C. (1999), Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon, Routledge Anderson, C. (2003). "Four Noble Truths", In Buswell, Robert E. Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Macmillan Reference Books Armstrong, K. (2004), Buddha, Penguin Press Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2000), The Connected Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, Wisdom Publications Bond, G. D. (1992), The Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Brazier, D., (2001), The Feeling Buddha, Robinson Publishing Bronkhorst, J. (1993), The Two Traditions Of Meditation In Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass Publication Bronkhorst, J. (2007), Greater Magadha, Studies the Culture of Early India. Series: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 2 South Asia Series, Brill Academic Publishers Inc Bronkhorst, J. (2013). Buddhist Teaching in India. Wisdom Publications Bucknell, R. (1984), "The Buddhist to Liberation: An Analysis of the Listing of Stages", The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 7 (2) Carrithers, M. (1983), The Buddha, Oxford [England]; New York: Oxford University Press Carter, J. R. (1987), "Four Noble Truths", in Jones, Lindsay, MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religions, MacMillan Davidson, R. M. (2003), Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement, New York: Columbia University Press Eliade, M., Adams C., (1987), The Encyclopedia of religion, New York: Macmillan Eliot, C., (1935), Japanese Buddhism, London: Edward Arnold Co Gombrich, R., (1984), The World of Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass Robinson, R. H. (1982), The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction (3rd ed.), Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Shults, B. (2014), "On the Buddha's Use of Some Brahmanical Motifs in Pali Texts", Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, 6: 1219