Rationale , Pros and Cons of the Dual Law Enforcement System

The Criminal Justice System â€Å"The judicial system of the United States is unique in so far as it is actually made up of two different court systems, the Federal Court System and the State Court System†. ( United States Courts). â€Å"The U. S. Constitution created a governmental structure for the United States known as Federalism. The Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government and reserves the res for the states.. The Constitution states that the governments is supreme with regard to those powers expressly or implicitly delegated to it, the states remain supreme in matters reserved for them†. (United States Courts). â€Å"The Federal Court System refers to two types of courts, an Article III court, thes courts were derived from†¦show more content†¦Intermediate appellate courts (in many states and not all states 0 and the highest state are called by various names. Unlike federal judges, most state judges are not appointed for life, but, either they are elected or appointed, ( or a combination of both for a certain number of years). They are courts with limited jurisdiction. They are Probate Courts, Family Courts Traffic Courts, Juvenile Courts, Small Claims Courts and Municipal Courts†. (United States Courts). â€Å"The State Trial Courts of general jurisdiction are the main Trial Courts in the State system. These Courts are Circuits Courts, Superior Courts of common pleasand even in New York, Supreme Courts. In certain cases, these courts can hear appeals from trial courtsof limited jurisdiction. The State Courts include Intermediate Appellate Courts and Supreme Courts†. (United States Courts). â€Å"The Department of Homeland Security was created by the Homeland Security Act, 2002 after the terrorist attach on the World Center New York City , September 11, 2002. It grew out of the Office of Homeland Security established by President George W. Bush† . ( Answers.com). â€Å"The components of the Department of Homeland Security are; The Customs and Border Protection, Federal Emergency Management Agency, The Transportation Security Administration, The U S Citizenship and ImmigrationShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Mandatory Arrests On Domestic Violence Essay3578 Words   |  15 Pagesdecades of increased activism and raised awareness by government agencies, the public and many nonprofit organizations, domestic violence still remains a serious problem within the United States. In order to combat domestic violence, many states passed laws and legislation requiring police to make warrantless arrests in response to all domestic violence calls. Harvard scholar, Radha Iyengar, who has studied domestic violence related homicide and the effects of mandatory arrest policies for domestic violenceRead More FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay4411 Words   |  18 Pagescontrol of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of development Attraction of FDI is becoming increasingly important for developing countries. However this is often based on the implicit assumption that greater inflows of FDI will bring certain benefits to the country’sRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesSubtitle D—Adapting Workforce to Evolving Health System Needs TITLE III—PREVENTION AND WELLNESS TITLE IV—QUALITY AND SURVEILLANCE TITLE V—OTHER PROVISIONS Subtitle A—Drug Discount for Rural and Other Hospitals; 340B Program Integrity Subtitle B—Programs Subtitle C—Food and Drug Administration Subtitle D—Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Subtitle E—Miscellaneous DIVISION D—INDIAN HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENT TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO INDIAN LAWS TITLE II—IMPROVEMENT OF INDIAN HEALTH CARERead MoreSingle vs Multiple Financial Regulators12736 Words   |  51 PagesSINGLE Vs. MULTIPLE FINANCIAL REGULATORS An analysis of the financial regulatory systems followed around the world By: Sudharsan S Sandeep Kumar Natharali Razvi Vijay PJ Natarajan P Neeraj Kannoth (118) (110) (32) (59) (31) (106) INTRODUCTION Financial systems and financial regulators are entities setup by the government of a country to ensure the availability and flow of financial resources in a fair and lawful manner without exploitation or monopolization of the resource by individualsRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pagesof Defense civilians. Proponent and exception authority. The proponent of this regulation is the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1. The proponent has the authority to approve exceptions or waivers to this regulation that are consistent with controlling law and regulations. The proponent may delegate this approval authority, in writing, to a division chief within the proponent agency or its direct reporting unit or field operating agency, in the grade of colonel or the civilian equivalent. ActivitiesRead MoreInternational Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 8th Edition Charles W. L. Hill5106 Words   |  21 PagesInvestments Megginson Investment Banking in the Financial System Andersen Corporate Finance Theory Melvin Global Derivatives: A Strategic Risk Management Perspective Bear/Moldonado-Bear Gitman International Money and Finance Principles of Managerial Finance* Principles of Managerial Finance–– Brief Edition* Mishkin/Eakins Financial Markets and Institutions Free Markets, Finance, Ethics, and Law Moffett Gitman/Joehnk Berk/DeMarzo Fundamentals of Investing* Read MoreCorporation (Fisch) Outline Penn Law Essay62808 Words   |  252 PagesOther Concepts 2 B.) Agency and Partnership Law 2 II.) INTRODUCTION TO THE CORPORATE FORM 16 A.) Formation and Structure 16 B.) Debt, Equity, and Valuation 22 III.) CONTROL OF CORPORATE DECISIONS 32 A.) The Role of the Shareholder 32 B.) Management Obligations 50 1.) Duty of Care 51 2.) Duty of Loyalty 56 3.) Duty of Fairness: Parent-Subsidiary Relationships 63 4.) Duty of Good Faith 64 5.) Management Obligations Under Federal Securities Laws 67 C.) Shareholder Litigation 76 IV.)Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesCourier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permissionRead MoreRetail Management30153 Words   |  121 Pagescategories: status-oriented and indulgence-oriented. CTVs/LCDs, refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, microwave ovens and DVD players fall in the status category. Indulgence-oriented products include plasma TVs, state-of-the-art home theatre systems, iPods, high-end digital cameras, camcorders, and gaming consoles. Consumers in the status category buy be cause they need to maintain a position in their social group. Indulgence-oriented buying happens with those who want to enjoy life better withRead MoreState and Local Tax Outline42910 Words   |  172 Pagesis unduly burdensome to interstate commerce. Is it burdensome to require out of state vendor to collect tax (i.e. in Quill). Must have substantial nexus a. It could be extremely burdensome, because all sorts of small vendors would have many tax laws to sift through in order to sell goods in another state. Quill Corporation v. ND ISSUE: When is there jxnal power in a state to require a non resident or a physically absent vendor to do what a present vendor does: Collect taxes? a. The problem

The Theme of Perversity in Edgar Allen Poe’s the Black Cat

The Theme of Perversity in Edgar Allen Poe’s The Black Cat ENG 201 American Literature to 1865 2/28/2012 The Black Cat is a tale that leaves the reader somewhat perplexed. It certainly contains all the ingredients necessary to satisfy the appetite of any Poe enthusiast - an enigmatic narrator, alcohol and the effects thereof, mutilation, strangulation, murder, putrefaction, and, last but not least, one of Poes slight (but recurring) obsessions, perversity - but we are left wondering whether the tale really amounts to anything much at all. One could almost split this short story into two halves: one that contains a couple of ideas worth considering; and another that simply indulges briefly in an unlikely plot before grinding to a†¦show more content†¦One day when the narrator and his wife are visiting the cellar in their new home, the cat gets under its maters feet, nearly tripping him. In a fury, the man grabs an axe and tried to kill the cat but is stopped by his wife and ends up killing her with the axe instead. Near the beginning of the tale, the narrator says he would be mad indeed if he should expect a reader to believe the story implying that he has already been accused of madness. This confession can be applied to the actions the narrator takes until and after he mistakenly murders his wife. During the process of proving that he is not mad, we increasingly see the actions of a madman who knows that he is going mad but who, at times, is able to objectively comment on the process of his increasing madness, Any sane human would most likely (hopefully) seek legal assistance and promptly report such a tragic accident. A reasonable person would understand that certain repercussions for their manslaughter would be necessary but far better than attempting to conceal the crime. The narrator in The Black Cat uses his more vicious judgment and decides to hide her body in the wall. After carefully removing enough bricks, placing the corpse in the empty space, and repairing the hole the narrator feels satisfied with his efforts. When the police come to inves tigate the disappearance, a fewShow MoreRelatedPsychoanalytic Analysis on the Black Cat649 Words   |  3 Pageson The Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe First of all, let us go into the world of â€Å"The Black Cat† and delve into the inner workings of the dark side of the human mind. The Black Cat is a story that leaves the reader perplexed to some extent. It certainly contains all the ingredients necessary to satisfy the appetite of any Poe enthusiast – an enigmatic narrator, alcohol , mutilation, strangulation, murder, and, last but not least, one of Poes slight obsessions, perversity In the story

Human Sexuality and Disability Free Essays

Article Summary Chandler, B. J. , Brown, S. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sexuality and Disability or any similar topic only for you Order Now (1998). Sex and relationship dysfunction in neurological disability. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 65, 877-880. doi: 10. 1136/jnnp. 6 5. 6. 877 Researchers Chandler and Brown (1988) conducted a study to see the relationship between neurologically disabled individuals and their experienced sexual relationship problems. Primarily focused on dyadic relationships, this research further sheds light on service providing for affected individuals. A 6 months continuous study was conducted on 70 individuals who were either married, cohabiting or living alone at Hunters Moor Regional Rehabilitation Centre located in Newcastle upon Tyne. Multiple standardized tests to assess cognitive, sexual and psychiatric functioning including, sexual functioning, disability level and current relationship were used. The results showed a wide variety of diagnosis amongst individuals tested. Additionally indicated slightly more than half (51%) had experienced change in sexual functioning and almost a third (27%) of those were highly concerned about this change. Gender was highly associated with concern about sexual functioning, as men were much more concerned. The correlation between sexual dysfunction and duration of illness strongly predicted relationship dissatisfaction. Researchers also suggested that concern is a desire to seek help and so more than one in four required help for sexual dysfunction. The outcome of this study implied sexual dysfunction can predict difficulties within a relationship and the dyadic relationship is an important aspect in managing disability. Further suggesting services designed to address sexual health should also consider and integrate relationship issues when seeking solutions. Reflective Journal Introduction to topic: Human Sexuality and Disability Sexual health is an important aspect of all human beings. Dr. Mona (2011) noted disabled individuals may not fit into the typical category of what is sexually desirable in our society and can result in low sexual self esteem. Disability is a complex phenomenon, which has different aspects. Our group was curious and wanted to research on preconceived assumptions on Sexuality and Disability. The research dealt with physical disability (Injuries affecting mobility, Individuals with Cancer resulting in physical limitations etc. ) its relationship with sexual pleasure, expression and services provided for concerned individuals. The Travelling Tickle Trunk Shop. Research and collecting Informaiton Located within Edmonton made it easy to conduct research on this agency. Additionally the range and quality of services was accessible and welcoming to disabled individuals. The Methodology involved, contacting the owner Brenda Kerber through e-mail and phone to set up an interview. We personally contacted Brenda at the Tickle Trunk located on Whyte Avenue. During this period she willingly provided answers and useful information. More to this, we analyzed the store set up, services and policies to accommodate disabled customers. Perceptions and Personal Impact of this Research Brenda had stated the initial idea to set up this particular store being a customer request that she later researched into and established in 2008 (personal communication, Oct. 31, 2012), indicating a wide customer range. I have learnt the variety of customers is not limited to race, culture, age, physical ability or gender. I would always assume customers of sex stores being sex addicts or having some physiological difficulties during sexual intercourse. My assumptions essentially root from my culture. Sex is a reserved topic until marriage and is therefore associated with procreation. I am aware of the pleasurable aspects of sex and this research has broadened my viewpoint. Another major assumption was with regards to disabled customers being asexual and/or loosing total sense of feel in sexual organs completely. Dr. Tepper’s (2000) research helped publicize sexual oppression of disabled individuals and eliminated some of my assumptions enlightening me to the complex world of disability (acquired disability, mental illness, physical disability, prenatal disability etc). Disabled individuals at least here in North America are engaged in sexual activity and I would state are having better and creative sex. Major personal turning point of this research was knowing the multiple ways to enhance one’s sex life. Social impact and Applications of this research The Tickle Trunk, is a business that is very welcoming to all individuals. This can help curious couples experiment, aid new migrants better immerse in the western culture of Sexuality and for disabled individuals (visually, hearing) private parties are conducted to help explore sexuality. Brenda has helped many physically disabled/impaired and individuals with cancer better embrace their sexual lives. On a large scale, Alberta being noted for its conservative views and reserved sexual attitude. The open minded and supportive approach of The Tickle Trunk can help educate and promote satisfying healthy sex to the general Edmonton society. Personally aspiring to be in the Nursing field certain information might be applicable during patient treatment, diagnosis etc. Disability and motherhood, guidance for parenting and resources (O’toole, 2002) are other aspects of interest to me, from a career and female rights advocate perspective. Personal and Literature related experiences of the research Pleasure is an important affirmative of life regardless of physical disability. Another similarity was the variety of individuals. In the article age ranges from 16-64 were examined. Where as customers at the shop had much more variation. Journals are scientific papers, a few controlled variables and numerical associations to sexual expression/satisfaction was noted. Whereas visiting the store gave a more personal and opinionated view of considering disability and sexuality. Overall, the different sources aided in reaching a balanced perspective. Reference List Chandler, B. J. , Brown, S. (1998). Sex and relationship dysfunction in neurological disability. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 65, 877-880. doi: 10. 1136/jnnp. 6 5. 6. 877 Kerber, Brenda. (Owner, Educator–The Travelling Tickle Trunk), personal communication October 31, 2012. O’toole, C. J. (2002). Sex Disability And Motherhood: Access To Sexuality For Disabled Mother Dsiability studies Quarterly 22(4), 81-101. Retrieved from http://dsq-sds. org/article/view/374/495 Paget, L. (2011, June 8). Dr. Linda Monda Sex and Disability. TogiEntertainment, Inc. Lindale Texas, USA: Â © 2012 Toginet Radio. Retrieved from http://podbay. fm/show/415882898/e/1309935600? autostart=1 Tepper, M. S. (2000). Sexuality and Disability: The Missing Discourse of Pleasure. HumanScience Press. 18(4), 283-290. Retrieved from http://wmst419. drkissling. com/winter2011/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Tepper2000. pdf How to cite Human Sexuality and Disability, Essay examples

Traditions of Meditation in Ancient †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Traditions of Meditation in Ancient. Answer: Introduction: A significant question has been asked many times, is Buddhism a religion? There are several criteria that can be used to answer this question. For example, the following aspects are present in case of many religions, beginning, ritual, believers, morality, goals and purpose. In the present research network, an attempt has been made to compare Buddhism with other accepted religions of the world and use these criteria from the standpoint and the belief that Buddhism is indeed a religion. First of all, the issue needs to be considered from the point of view all the beginning of the religion. In case of every religion, there is a beginning. However, the major difference that is present regarding the beginning of Buddhism and the beginning of other religions is related with the amount of time (Anderson, 1999). It needs to be noted that Buddhism had appeared overnight. That is true, Buddhism appeared overnight while other religions like Hinduism are taken endless years to evolve. But still, it has a beginning and a history. Although in terms of beginning, it is somewhat minor but still it has a beginning and a historical sense to it. This is one competitive where Buddhism is hugely similar to the other globally accepted religions (Anderson, 2003). The next issue is related with ritual. In case of Christianity, Judaism and Hinduism, which other three major religions of the world, ritual is present. In the same way, as is the case with these religions, data is also one of the two forms present in Buddhism. Therefore, while the Mahayana Buddhism has included ritual, it is eschewed by the Theravada Buddhism. Therefore even if it may be argued that only one part of Buddhism has ritual, but still, ritual is a part of Buddhism (Armstrong, 2004). At the same time, it also needs to be mentioned that not all Christians, Hindus or Jews go by all the rituals that have been described by their religion. Therefore it can act as an explanation behind the reason why the Theravada part of Buddhism does not have any ritual (Gombrich, 1984). After ritual, the next elevator is related with the followers or the believers. As is the case with other religions mentioned above, there is a widespread acceptance of Buddhism also. Therefore it cannot be d escribed as a small cult that comprises only a few thousand people (Bhikkhu, 2000). Buddhism is much larger as compared to any cult. Therefore it fulfills another criteria that has been mentioned about in order to make it a religion. Morality is something that can be found in almost every major religion. Some form of morality is also present in case of Buddhism. If it was not the case, what this would be doing simply whatever they wanted to (Bond, 1992). For example, they could have simply kill each other or done wrong to each other. Therefore, at a simple, minimal level and also at an extreme level, morality intervenes in Buddhism. It is a fact that every Buddhist has to deal with on a daily basis as is the case with any other member of another religion (Brazier, 2001). Under these circumstances, there are a large number of people who have asked the question, if Buddhism which is a popular belief system initiative also be treated as a religion. However, arguments have been given by academics from East and the West in favor of and against this proposition. While some have for Buddhism as a cult not be the reason that they are against Buddhism, but because in a heated debate how Buddhism can be placed in this well-organized educational structure (Bronkhorst, 1993). The Encyclopedia Britannica has mentioned Zoroaster, the Buddha, Aristotle and Plato as the first persons in history who have blogged regarding mind and behaviors. The logic of Buddhism is among the early records present regarding with a set of principles that are outlined for the study of the mind. There are a number of Western scholars like Albert Einstein and said Arthur C. Clarke, who were rejected towards Buddhism due to the similarities that exist between scientific philosophy and the logical thinking of Buddhism (Bronkhorst, 2007). For hundreds of years, there have been academics who have identified Buddhism as a religion that is not deceased by dogmas and theologies both Einstein and Clarke were of the opinion that in order to have a future for religion in the increasingly scientific world, a religion should be like Buddhism (Bronkhorst, 2013). The reason was that Buddha has encouraged logical reasoning as compared to beliefs, constructive thinking as compared to blind faith and testing of Buddhist concepts in the real-world as compared to theoretical Buddhism. But this is the point where Buddhism no longer remains a religion, but instead, it becomes an education system that is open to any person who wants to learn and use these tools for good use (Carrithers, 1983). The logic of Buddhism, the Eight Fold Path, Five Precepts and Buddhist Karma define the core elements of Buddhism. Although it is not possible to describe all of them in detail in the present paper, but they will be used for the purpose of establishing that is and is much more than mere philosophy or an education system than a religion. The logic of Buddhism is famous due to the reason that it was one of the first structured logical thinking system role by the human civilization (Bucknell, 1984). The idea that a seed needs to be planted for a treat to grow and for the purpose of the existence of a tree, a seed needs to be a part of the cycle, has been used for the purpose of explaining the workings of the mind. According to the philosophy of Buddhism, controlling the seed needs to be given priority. As is the case with Western philosophers and scientists after the age of Enlightenment, free independent thinking was also promoted by Buddha (Carter, 1987). Instead of depending on the r eligious rules or regulations, Buddhism promotes logical reasoning for the purpose of establishing connections between the teachings of Buddhism, dharma and the real world applications. As against a religion, the followers were told by Buddha that he was not the God and therefore he should not be blindly followed by the Buddhists (Davidson, 2003). This remains the driving force due to which Buddhism can be set apart from the conventional religions. The Eight Fold Path also copies the scientific logic and processes. It is well explained, therefore, every person has the opportunity to test its effectiveness. There are three main divisions in which it has been divided; wisdom, ethical conduct and concentration (Eliade and Adams, 1987). Furthermore, it has been broken down into factors. In this way, a striking similarity exists between a well-written scientific paper and the Buddhist layout of Eight Fold Path, due to the Buddhism has become a unique religion if one has to categorize Buddhism as a religion (Eliot, 1935). The Five Precepts provided guidelines for laypersons, but they do not set up in a way for promoting the religious rule. The fact is that there are very few persons in Buddhist countries who are pure vegetarians. Most of them, including some Buddhist monks also eat fish or other type of meat. The question arises if this is against Buddhism? The answer is both yes and no. It meat is required to survive and live a healthy life, then it is not against Buddhism. On the other hand, if meat is consumed because a person likes it, then it is against Buddhism. However, Buddhism provides that no person can claim to be a Buddhist or to be a non-Buddhist. Hence, it is up to the person to decide what is wrong and what is right (Shults, 2014). The guidelines provided by Five Precepts are not rules, but they are merely guidelines. Therefore they are not rules, but tools that can be used to make the life of a person better and happier. Buddha had also said that it is the responsibility of the petitioner to learn, tried and test the theories of Buddhism before accepting them as facts. In this way, Buddha and said that the person disagrees with something, such person is free to accept what he likes and do not take what he does not like (Robinson, 1982). There are many Buddhist and non-Buddhists who do not see any problem in accepting some parts of Buddhism and at the same time, rejecting the others. Similarly, Buddhism encourages middle path while the extreme Buddhism is even considered as a negative social issue for Buddhism itself. But at the same time, it also needs to be noted that still there are certain mythical stories present in Buddhism. For example, Buddha has discussed about gods and heavens. He is also stated that a person is his own blog, because the gods. In other dimensions do not have any power over humans. Therefore, the belief in mythical heavens is against modern science and philosophy as it has no faith or trust in any Almighty God. The belief in self God is in contradiction with the very definition of religion. As a result, this is one of the reasons why it becomes very confusing to identify Buddhism as a religion or as a philosophy. Therefore, it can be stated for the Christians, Jews and Muslims, Buddhism may not fulfill the requirements of what they believe to be a religion. However, there are all the elements present in Buddhism that are present in these religions also. Buddhism has text and scriptures dating back to as far, or even further than Jesus and Mohammed. At the same time, Buddhism also gives instructions regarding the way life should be led and practiced. However, the major difference that is present in these two is the absence of God that has created the world and the universe. In this regard, we also hear a lot of regarding the term faith by the other religions. They can be described as a "belief that is not based on proof ". Buddhism also was the belief in God or in the doctrines are the teachings of religion. As a religion it also teaches many of these lessons even better. Similarly, in the form of a religion, Buddhism allows its followers to achieve something greater than themselves through th e life lessons imparted by it and the structured practices. Some experts of Buddhism explain that it is a choice that is made by all the Buddhist practitioners, according to which they can change themselves in the way. That is beneficial for all living beings, and not only their self. On the other hand, in the form of a philosophy, Buddhism provides the same lessons to the non-followers, which can be used for improving their routine lives. Therefore it can be stated in the end that out of all the other religions, there is least conflict present in case of Buddhism with modern science and philosophy. This is the reason why persons like Albert Einstein and Sir Arthur Clarke were drawn towards Buddhism. Over the years, the philosophers from the West have used the Buddhist teachings. The concepts of Buddhism have been written by them in their own words and marketed as their own. Many Western clinical psychologists have used their knowledge of Buddhism in order to help their clients without admitting that they are using Buddhism. However, the Buddhists claim that Buddha gave a wide variety of instructions. If these instructions can help us in living the life in a better way or to solve our problems, we are free to practice them. In such cases, there is no need to call ourselves Buddhists. The purpose behind the teachings of Buddha is to benefit us and if by using some of these teachings, we can live more peacefully with ourselves and others that is the most important thing. Therefore, there is no question that Buddhism is a religion, as well as a philosophy and it should be respected as such. References Anderson, C. (1999), Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon, Routledge Anderson, C. (2003). "Four Noble Truths", In Buswell, Robert E. Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Macmillan Reference Books Armstrong, K. (2004), Buddha, Penguin Press Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2000), The Connected Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, Wisdom Publications Bond, G. D. (1992), The Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Brazier, D., (2001), The Feeling Buddha, Robinson Publishing Bronkhorst, J. (1993), The Two Traditions Of Meditation In Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass Publication Bronkhorst, J. (2007), Greater Magadha, Studies the Culture of Early India. Series: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 2 South Asia Series, Brill Academic Publishers Inc Bronkhorst, J. (2013). Buddhist Teaching in India. Wisdom Publications Bucknell, R. (1984), "The Buddhist to Liberation: An Analysis of the Listing of Stages", The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 7 (2) Carrithers, M. (1983), The Buddha, Oxford [England]; New York: Oxford University Press Carter, J. R. (1987), "Four Noble Truths", in Jones, Lindsay, MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religions, MacMillan Davidson, R. M. (2003), Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement, New York: Columbia University Press Eliade, M., Adams C., (1987), The Encyclopedia of religion, New York: Macmillan Eliot, C., (1935), Japanese Buddhism, London: Edward Arnold Co Gombrich, R., (1984), The World of Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass Robinson, R. H. (1982), The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction (3rd ed.), Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Shults, B. (2014), "On the Buddha's Use of Some Brahmanical Motifs in Pali Texts", Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, 6: 1219

Ad Campaign free essay sample

With reference to Duane Stanford’s article on Mountain Dew: Mountain Dew Wants Some Street Cred, we are going to examine whether Pepsi cola’s advertising campaigns are directed at the right market segment, whether the company differentiates the product from the competition and whether the company communicates’ effectively the product benefits. We are also going to propose a suitable campaign which will enable the product to have a more universal appeal as well as come up with suitable communication channels which the company should use during its campaigns. Are Mountain Dew’s Advertising Campaigns directed at the Right Market Segment? No, Mountain Dew’s advertising campaigns are not directed to the right target market. The companies target market is whites from the ages of 18 to 24 yet it uses HIP-HOP as well as HIP-HOP artists such as Lil-Wayne to disseminate marketing information. We will write a custom essay sample on Ad Campaign or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It would be relevant to use rock stars in its marketing campaigns to disseminate marketing information. Does the Company Differentiate the Product from the Competition? Yes, the company differentiates its products from those of competitors. The company also uses branding as a way of differentiating their products from products produced by competitors such as Coca-Cola. Over the years, the company has also used slogans such as â€Å"Yahoo! as well as â€Å"This Is How We Dew† as a way of differentiating their products. The company also packages its products in green bottles with the words ‘Mountain Dew ‘clearly highlighted. The aim of this is to ensure that the products are easily noticeable in supermarkets and that they may appear different from those of their competitors (Stanford,  2012). The company also produces a non-cola soft drink that is opular to whites while companies such as coca cola do not have such target strategies. The company also produces a sugary, caffeine-laced drink’s so as to appeal to young blacks as well as Latinos. Such marketing strategies are not present with other soft drink producers. Does the Company Communicate the Product Benefits Effectively? Yes, the company communicates the product benefits effectively in its marketing campaigns. The company emphasizes of quenching thirst as one of the major product benefits consumers can get from consuming the product. The company also emphasizes that the product contains 37 mgs of caffeine which can boos ones’ energy. Other product benefits included in the product that is communicated include communicating that its products contains sodium, potassium, carbohydrate, dietary fiber as well as proteins. This type of communication is effective because the products are commonly used by people engaging in sports that end up getting thirsty as well as losing their energy, thus Mountain Dew offers the best solution for full body restoration (Roger amp; Donald, 2005). Proposed Redesigns of the Campaign That Will Ensure the Products Have a More Universal Appeal In order for the company to gain attention from an international audience, the company should use HIP-HOP artists to target the Black community in international markets such as Africa as well as use multicultural advertising where the company uses people from all walks of life’s; Asians, Arabs, Africans as well as Europeans in their marketing campaigns such as in TV adverts. The aim of this is to get the attention of such people as well as shift the perception that Mountain Dew is meant and produced to target the white market. The company should also focus on the production of the sugary, caffeine-laced drink’s that will appeal with young blacks as well as Latinos. Other international marketing strategies could include producing a product that caters for major international cultures such as Europeans, Asians as well as Arabs. The Communication Channels Which the Company Should Focus On The best communication channel that should be used by the company should be television, radio as well as social media. The reason as to why the company should use television as a marketing channel is because this type of advertising reaches huge number of people especially during television peak hours (the evenings). The reason as to why they should also advertise using radio is because this mode of advertising is very cheap as compared to other forms of advertising such as bill boards. And lastly the reason as to why they should advertise using social media sites such as Facebook, as well as Twitter is because this modes of advertising are cheap, advertising information can easily be accessible to consumers around the world using their laptops or mobile phones, the company can also interact with consumers and get valuable feedback concerning their products, such information can be used for purposes of decision making.

Free Essays on Incentives For Non-pollution

Economic incentives are instruments that use financial means to motivate polluters to reduce the health and environmental risks posed by their facilities, processes, or products. These incentives provide monetary and near-monetary awards for polluting less and impose costs of various types for polluting more, thus supplying motivation for polluters to change their behavior. The report distinguishes seven basic types of incentives: Pollution charges, fees, and taxes; deposit-refund systems; trading programs; subsidies for pollution control, liability approaches; information disclosure; voluntary programs. Economic incentives offer several advantages that make them attractive environmental management tools. First, economic incentives, in some circumstances, can be structured to achieve larger reductions in pollution than would result from traditional regulations. Second, economic incentives often can control pollution at lower costs than can traditional regulations. Third, the use of economic incentives, in contrast to that of traditional regulations, can more easily control pollution generated by a multitude of small and dispersed sources. Fourth, economic incentives can stimulate technological improvements and innovations in pollution control in situations where traditional regulatory mechanisms may not. Progressive companies are shifting rapidly from an approach of compliance to one of proactive environmental management. The revolution in thinking has gone through three stages: 1) the widespread business practice in the 1960s and 1970s of coping with environmental crises as they occurred and of attempting to control the resulting damage; 2) the reactive mode in the 1980s of struggling to comply with rapidly changing government environmental regulations and minimizing the costs of compliance; 3) the proactive environmental management strategy in the 1990s, through which corporations began to anticipate the environmental impacts of th... Free Essays on Incentives For Non-pollution Free Essays on Incentives For Non-pollution Economic incentives are instruments that use financial means to motivate polluters to reduce the health and environmental risks posed by their facilities, processes, or products. These incentives provide monetary and near-monetary awards for polluting less and impose costs of various types for polluting more, thus supplying motivation for polluters to change their behavior. The report distinguishes seven basic types of incentives: Pollution charges, fees, and taxes; deposit-refund systems; trading programs; subsidies for pollution control, liability approaches; information disclosure; voluntary programs. Economic incentives offer several advantages that make them attractive environmental management tools. First, economic incentives, in some circumstances, can be structured to achieve larger reductions in pollution than would result from traditional regulations. Second, economic incentives often can control pollution at lower costs than can traditional regulations. Third, the use of economic incentives, in contrast to that of traditional regulations, can more easily control pollution generated by a multitude of small and dispersed sources. Fourth, economic incentives can stimulate technological improvements and innovations in pollution control in situations where traditional regulatory mechanisms may not. Progressive companies are shifting rapidly from an approach of compliance to one of proactive environmental management. The revolution in thinking has gone through three stages: 1) the widespread business practice in the 1960s and 1970s of coping with environmental crises as they occurred and of attempting to control the resulting damage; 2) the reactive mode in the 1980s of struggling to comply with rapidly changing government environmental regulations and minimizing the costs of compliance; 3) the proactive environmental management strategy in the 1990s, through which corporations began to anticipate the environmental impacts of th...

Administrative Discretion PA301 wk 5 Research Paper

Administrative Discretion PA301 wk 5 - Research Paper Example He also emphasized the use of violence in a legal way as he categorized social leadership from rational to traditional and appeal (Turner, 1992, p. 57). His analysis suggested that the government institutions of his time started the development based on logic or reason. In totality, his works summed up the existence of rational and legal implications of capitalism and state development. Weber also influenced the concept of administrative discretion as he got into several sociological issues. Administrative discretion has been linked to bureaucracy. Bureaucracy allows the legal application of administrative discretion. According to Rosen (1998, p. 8), Weber listed three characteristics that allows administrative discretion: 3. Methodical provision is made for the regular and continuous fulfillment of the duties and for the execution of the corresponding rights; only persons with the generally regulated qualifications to serve are employed. The three characteristics provided may limit the actions and decision-making of the government leaders as laws may not cater a broad perspective. Since some laws are limited, there would be less room for progress. The author thinks that administrative discretion should be tolerated as long as the actions taken have rational basis. They must have a certain level of freedom in deciding and acting upon the policies they make and process since older policies may not cater the current needs of the state. With that, public administrators have the capacity to legally change or resist any changes without any sanctions. Having them enjoy the discretion allows them to resist or modify the decisions made by government leaders. They can do it to prevent themselves from becoming puppets of their leaders. In addition, they can also apply their knowledge regarding the policies for the public. With that, they are able to contribute in shaping the policies for the public to follow (Spicer, 1995, p. 67). It shows how the

Controlling Factor of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Controlling Factor of Management - Essay Example These factors include the need for accountability in organizations, the need to detect environmental changes that significantly affect organizations, the growing complexity of present day organizations and the need to identify operational errors in organizations to avoid incurring excessive costs. In addition to addressing the above mentioned factors, controlling plays an important role in helping managers detect irregularities, identify opportunities, handle complex situations, decentralize authority, minimize costs, and cope with uncertainty. Coping with Uncertainty - In today's turbulent business environment, all organizations must cope with change. When organization goals are established, they are based on the knowledge available at that point of time. However, by the time the goals are accomplished, many changes may have occurred in the organization or its environment. An improperly designed control system, however, may result in poor organizational performance. Detecting Irregularities - Control system help managers detect undesirable irregularities, such as product defects, cost overruns, or rising personnel turnover. Although small mistakes and errors may not seriously damage the financial health of an organization, they may accumulate and become very serious over time. Early detection of such irregularities can prevent minor problems from mushrooming into major ones and often save a great deal of time is money for the organization. Example: A large radar detector manufacturer in the US named Whistler Corporation once faced with such rapidly escalating demand that it stopped giving attention to quality. This led to a rise in the defect rate from 4% to 9% to 15 % and finally, to 25%. A manager observed that 100 out of 250 employees of the company were spending all their time fixing defective units and that an inventory worth $2 million was still awaiting repair. Had the company detected the defects and rectified them early, the problem would never have increased to such proportions. Problems such as missing important deadlines or selling faulty merchandise to customers are sometimes difficult to rectify. Identifying aberrations in the early stages helps organizations avoid such problems. Identifying Opportunities - Control also helps managers identify areas in which things are going better than expected, thereby alerting management to possible future opportunities. For example, division managers at the St. Louis-based May Department stores prepare and generate monthly reports that specify the items that have high demand and the amount of money those items are generating. On the basis of these reports, the chain develops successful merchandising strategies for all its stores like what to buy, which vendors to buy from, and how to display the merchandise etc. Handling Complex Situations - Another important factor contributing to the need for a control mechanism is that growing complexity of today's organizations. When a company requires only on kind of raw material, produces only one kind of product has a simple organization design, and enjoys constant demand for its products, it can afford to have a very basic and simple system of control. But, as organizations grow or engage in producing many products from a number of different raw materials, and operate in a large market area with many competitors, efficient and

Methods of Auditing Construction Equipment Depreciation Essay

Methods of Auditing Construction Equipment Depreciation - Essay Example Methods of Calculating Depreciation The total amount of depreciation over the life of a fixed asset is computed by deducting the residual value from the total cost of the fixed asset. Some of the important techniques for calculating depreciation are given below. 1. Straight line depreciation Majority firms use straight line depreciation method as it assists the accounting department to avoid clerical complexity and make financial reporting easy. As Bragg (2002) points out, straight line depreciation method is based on the assumption that each accounting period of the asset’s life has an equal amount of depreciation (p.189). The procedures for calculating depreciation under straight line method include determination of useful life of the asset in years, determination of salvage value of the asset, deduction of the estimated salvage value from the purchase price of the asset, and finally substitution of identified valued into the equation. 2. Reducing balance method Under this m ethod, a high annual depreciation is charged in the early years of an asset’s life and the charged annual depreciation progressively diminishes as the asset ages. To record this pattern of depreciation, an annual depreciation is charged as a fixed percentage of the written down value of the asset. Substantive Audit Procedures An audit strategy generally deals with the assessment of internal controls and the performance of substantive tests. As Wilson and Colbert (1991) state, a substantive test generally involves analysis procedures and tests of details. Analytical procedures assist the auditor to draw conclusions on the basis of expected amounts calculated while the test of details involves the evaluation of details of the construction equipment account for the purpose of reconstructing and formulating conclusion about the reported account balance. The goals of the auditor can be attained at less cost and time through analytical procedures rather than test of details. Analyt ical procedures According to recent accounting standards, there are a number of analytical procedures ranging from simple comparisons to use of complex models. However, most commonly used procedures are trend analysis, reasonable tests, ratio analysis, and structural modeling. A. Trend analysis Under this method, the auditor can choose either a diagnostic or a casual approach. The diagnostic approach aids the auditor to evaluate whether the current balance of the construction equipment account is out of line with the trend identified with the asset’s previous account balances whereas the casual approach assists the auditor to calculate an expected balance for that account. B. Reasonable tests Under this analytical procedure, the auditor calculates an expected amount for the equipments account balance using nonfinancial data for the current period. In this method, only the operating data for the auditing period is taken into consideration. C. Ratio analysis In ratio analysis m ethod, the auditor compares relationships among construction equipment balances. Generally, ratio analysis is applied on a times series or a cross sectional basis. D. Structural modeling Using this type of analytical procedure, the auditor frames a statistical model from financial or nonfinancial data of previous accounting period to forecast current equipment account balances. Test of details As stated, â€Å"

Facing Challenges with Strategic Management

Facing Challenges with Strategic Management 1.0 Introduction Poh Kong, is a jewelry company founded by Cheong Teck Chong and Choon Yee Seiong which established first outlet in year 1976 located in Petaling Jaya. Besides, since 2004, Poh Kong has been listed in Bursa Malaysia, yet they owned a manufacturing plant in Shah Alam KL (PohKong, n.d.). Nowadays, Poh Kong was the leader of jewelry industry because of its tremendous growth and their core business philosophies, which are Quality, Value, Trust, and Choice. Furthermore, in targeting different customers range, they had several in house brands such as Anggun, Tranz, Happy Love, and The Art of Auspicious. Besides, Poh Kong was the licensee for Disney Collection and sole distributor for famous brand such as Luca Carati, Schoeffel, Hemera Diamond and Angel Diamond (Gal, 2016). In 2011, Poh Kong reached its 100th outlet in Peninsula Malaysia. Poh Kong reaffirmed by RAM Ratings Services Berhad as largest jewellery retail chain store in Malaysia in 2014. Other than that, it also awarded the Malaysias Top 10 Retailers in the Asia, Putra Brand Award and Creative ASEAN Jewellery Design Award (Cleffairy, 2015). Besides, Poh Kong truly understands their business is strongly reliance on brand name and brand reputation, therefore, Corporate Social Responsibility also a main concern of Poh Kong. For instance, national cancer survivals day, charity golf, water vending machine, Malaysia AEON Foundation (MAF) fund raising and etc. are parts of the CSR from Poh Kong (TheStar, 2013). According to annual report of year 2015, we observed that Poh Kong has a big drop in earnings before tax since year 2012, but it has successfully recover after year 2014. Besides, the executive chairman and group managing director, Datuk Choon Yee Seiong has claimed that year 2016 is challenging for gold jewelry industry due to the fluctuation of dropping of global gold price (Toh, 2016) and reduced demand for jewellery and gold related investment products (Poh Kong, 2016). In this study, we are aiming to have more understanding on how a company could deal with the challenge faced by using strategic management, how strategic management could actually help to analyze issues more comprehensively and conducting various analyses and formulation of strategic plans. 2.0 SWOT Analysis 2.1 (S)trengths Poh Kong Holdings Berhad was the largest of gold jewelleries retailer in Malaysia. As market leader, Poh Kong has a strong reputation, market position and advantage in expanding their business as stated in annual report, Poh Kong has total of 106 outlets across 9 states in year 2014 (PohKong, n.d.). Poh Kongs outlet showroom are much higher than its competitor, for instance, Tomei (52 retail outlets), Wah Chan (42 outlets), and Habib (more than 30 outlets). Partnership with Moraglione, a well-known jewellery brand from Italy has increased Poh Kongs product variety and jewellery types. Besides, they able to compete with other international brands and has the opportunity to expand its business to abroad (Najumudeen, 2012). Furthermore, Poh Kong has a strong financial position. Poh Kong group revenue and pre-tax profit in year 2015 are higher than 2014 while margins have been improved by cost control initiatives (Poh Kong, 2015). They have the flexibility in financial and lower interest rate and liquidity risk as result from fail to loan repayment. Large cash reserves make them have advantage in long term investments. 2.2 (W)eaknesses Poh Kong only covers Malaysia regions, they didnt export their products as a way to expand their business (Bernama, 2013). Besides, all of the 106 outlets are located at 10 states from peninsular Malaysia. Consumers from East Malaysia unable to purchase any jewellery from Poh Kong due to theres yet to be any outlets in Sabah and Sarawak, expansion of Poh Kong outlets in East Malaysia was planned and estimated to be happen in 2017. Poh Kong are selling their products through online platform like Lazada and 11Street however they will be a limited selection for consumer from East Malaysia (Poh Kong, 2017). Low customer satisfaction is one of the weaknesses. Poh Kong has differentiated their outlet into Diamond Gold outlets and retail concept stores, for instance, Diamond Boutique, Gold Boutique, Jade Gallery and Oro Bianco. These stores are used to meet the needs of different targets markets (PressReader, 2016). However, it was a challenge and tough for Poh Kong to maintain each branch in similar environment and caused low customer satisfaction. Besides, internal competition was caused by the reason of selling similar products in the market. 2.3 (O)pportunity Malaysia enjoying a zero duty for exporting jewellery product under China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), in addition, China currently glittering demand of jewellery market and import permit has been carried out for foreign importers who wish to import jewellery products into China (Miti, n.d.). Hence, it becomes the opportunity for Poh Kong to expand its business to China market. Poh Kong can grow demand of gold bar in market. Due to poor economy and fluctuation on Malaysia Ringgit, investment in gold is better than invest in stocks. According to Nwazor (2016), gold is a safe investment. Besides, investment in gold can remain constant for few years as judged from history. Due to its recognized value by worldwide, gold was used as the world reserve currency until recently (Smith, n.d). Fluctuation of gold price not guaranteed increase sales of jewellers, however it could benefits company in terms of cost of production. Gold price in 2013 was at a historical high of US$1900 an ounce, dropped to US$1150 per ounce in 2014, increased to US$1364 per ounce in July 2016 and slightly dropped to US$1234 per ounce in early March 2017. It has utilized the cost saving and used it for marketing purposes to boost sales (VnBusinessreg, n.d.). 2.4 (T)hreat Competition is one of the threats for Poh Kong. As results, consumer can choose for other alternatives from different jewellers since Poh Kong is not the only player (Euromonitor, 2015). Mainly jewellery products are differentiated based on their design. If Poh Kong offers less variety of design, consumer will choose their preferred design from their competitor. Besides, mostly jewellery outlets operates near to competitors, under those circumstances, consumer will compare price and design easily. Slowdown of economy will cause a reduction on consumers spending (Fmt, 2015). Obviously, the poor economic condition had caused increase of price of electricity and other costs which could affect Poh Kong to increase their price of goods. The growing in price of jewellery and gold from time to time has caused a drop in demand for jewellery. Moreover, jewellery is luxury goods, people will only consider to purchase jewellery when there is surplus after consume on daily necessities. Goods and Service Tax (GST) in Malaysia. A study by Nielsen, a global information and measurement company had proved that four in five Malaysian consumers are cutting back on shopping expenditure to increase household savings after the adoption of GST. It has affected Malaysian spending behaviour (Ida, 2015). 3.0 Industry Analysis Porter five forces 3.1 Threat of New Entrants Threat of new entrants for jewelry industry is low. There is low in threat of new entrants for jewelry industry due to it requires high capital start up (Din, 2015). A company must spend high figure in money in order to compete in the market and high capital requirements positively affect the Jewelry industry because it will lead to an increase in profits for the entity. According to Bhobe (2014) several of the existing firms have contracts with well-known jewelry distributing companies. New entrants may face difficulty to contract with these companies due to lack of financial status. Brand recognition also is an important competitive advantage and requires high investment costs and time in order to build strong brand name (WikiWealth, 2014). Therefore, new entrants that without a reputable name which may cause doubt from a diamond distributing company therefore no contract will be created. In addition, existing firms has experience economies of scale from large investments in research and development or brand advertising. As result, the entry into the market is getting increasingly difficult due to the growth of companies already established in the industry. 3.2 Threat of Substitute Products The threat of substitution is high in jewelry industry. It based on the relative price and performance of the competitors products and on customers willingness to consider the substitutes. They could potentially attract a significant proportion of market volume and reduce the potential sales volume for existing players. This category also relates to complementary products. For example, Poh Kong facing competition from substitutes jewelry which made of silver, platinum, diamonds and pearls. Costume or imitation jewelry also provided consumers with an alternative to look good but at a cheaper cost. Safiyuddin (2015) indicates that the price elasticity is affected by substitute products. When high substitutes available it causes the demand become more elastic since consumers have more alternative selection. Thus, a close substitute product constrains the ability of firms in the industry to increase   prices. 3.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining power of suppliers for jewelry industry is moderate. According to Durant (2014) indicates that there is low bargaining power of suppliers when they are reliant on high volumes because of producer can threaten to cut volumes and affect the profits of the supplier. Besides, there are many gold jewelry suppliers in Malaysia such as Tomei Group, Niche Capital Emas Holding, DeGem or Habib Jewels (Mehta, 2016). Therefore, the switching cost to other supplier will be lower. On the other hand, for certain high quality diamonds and some precious gems are rare sources thus is little surplus of the capacity which allows for prices relatively high. Since these precious gems and diamond can bring great value to the firms, therefore the power of supplier will be slightly increased (Thompson, 2008). 3.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers The bargaining power of buyers in this industry is high. In this industry, buyers have high bargaining power because there are many competing and viable sources to purchase jewelry from. According to Safiyuddin (2014), there are 3000 local gold jewelry retail outlets in Malaysia. Thus, customers bargaining power increased since there is a lot of selection of the jewelry stores. In Malaysia, the number of internet user is increasing from year to year and customer can easily get the product information from the internet. Due to the high information availability, customer can make comparison on the design and services between the jewelry stores. In addition, customers are free to shift to any other jeweler and the switching costs for customer are low. 3.5 Rivalry among Present Competitors The rivalry among competing sellers in this industry is high. There are large numbers of jewelry stores that are currently operating in Malaysia including local and foreign jewelry store (Din, 2015). They are competing to attract the same number of resources and customer. They also compete to boost their brand recognition and improve their quality of services in order to gain market shares. Poh Kong and other jewelry store like Habib Jewel struggle for market leadership. Moreover, jewelry industry companies are considered mass merchandisers or limited line jewelers generally compete on the basis of price. The companies have created a stagnant industry that now competes by taking market share away from the other players yet creates price wars among most of the firms in the industry. Besides, the major players such as Habib, Degem and other competitors are trying to lobby for competitive advantage in these areas. 3.6 Conclusion based on the Porters Five Forces Based on the industry analysis, this jewelry industry is quite attractive because the large economies of scale make it very hard for new entrants to compete in this industry. The more assets the firm has, the greater the firm ability to take advantage of economies of scale. Besides, the threat of substitutes is reducing because gold has inherent investment value which is further reinforced by industry buy-back policy (Bharl, 2016). In other words, gold jewelry retail outlets would purchase old jewelry at prevailing gold prices and provides an avenue for consumers to upgrade or change their existing jewelry sets. This is one of the ways to increase sales volume and also build up customer loyalty. 4.0 Competitive Analysis The size of circle for each competitor is based on the annual revenue in 2015 as Tomeis annual report will only announce on April every year. The revenue for Pandora is RM 16.7 billion (Annual Report, n.d.); Poh Kong is RM 0.8 billion (Poh Kong, 2015 ­); Tomei and Wah Chan and almost the same revenue which is RM 0.5 billion (Annual Report, n.d.); and Sk Jewelry is RM 0.1 billion (Sookee, n.d.). There are a lot of competitors have been entered and also established in the jewelry industry. Although there are a lot competitors in the jewelry marketplace but they are offering different design of the product with different brand and price. Besides, they also were using different promotion strategies to promote their product in order to boost their sales. From the group mapping, we can know that Poh Kong is the one who offered the wide product line breath as compare to other competitors such as Pandora, Tomei, Wah Chan, and Sk Jewelry. Besides from offering yellow gold and silver jewelry, Poh Kong also has offered pearl, jade and diamond jewelry to customer. In order to meet the customer needs and requirements, Poh Kong has their own manufacturer in Shah Alam, so they able to manufacture and design the jewelries that customer preferred and requested (Poh Kong, n.d.). Therefore, by satisfying the customers need and want, Poh Kong able to compete with other competitors and survive in the marketplace. Moreover, as we know that gold bar and gold coin is an investment product in long term. Poh Kong not only offered and provided a gold bar and gold coin but they also offered wide range of gold jewelry with different design such as Tranz, Anggun, Auspicious, Bombay Collection, Disney, and Happy Love (Poh Kong, n.d.). Other competitors just offered few design of gold jewelries as compare to Poh Kong. Thus, the variety products that offered by Poh Kong is able to serve for more customer types and able to attract more customer to buy. It will increase the sale and profit of the company in short term. 4.1 Price Based on the strategy group mapping, it shown that the price of diamond ring that offered by Poh Kong is slightly higher than Wah Chan but lower than Sk Jewelry. The reason that we compare to the price of the diamond ring is because different jewelry retailers may offer different price for the carat of the diamond ring. The strategy group mapping has shown that the price of the diamond ring from Sk Jewelry is slightly higher than Poh Kong and it cost RM 4888 for 0.15 carat of the diamond ring (Sk Jewelry, n.d.). Wah Chan has offered 0.25 carat of diamond ring and it cost RM 3888, it is slightly cheaper than Poh Kong (Wah Chan, n.d.). For competitor Tomei, the overall product price that offered by Tomei is lower than Poh Kong, Sk Jewelry and Wah Chan. While for another competitor Pandora, the price of the product that they offered is the lowest among the four jewelry retailers (Pandora, n.d.). From the group mapping, the product price of the Poh Kong is consider high as compare to other jewelry industry. However, Poh Kong has provided the good quality and variety of design and option in order to meet more customer types. Besides, for quality assurance, Poh Kongensures that stringent measures are constantly undertaken without compromising design excellence. Poh Kong jewelry has been created with superior quality and meticulous craftsmanship. Thus, the customer market share will increase and result in sale and profit of the company increase as well. 4.2 Competitive position and performance Today, Poh Kong has own manufacturing facility which located in Shah Alam and has reached 100th outlet thus Poh Kong has earned it position as Malaysias fastest growing and largest jewelry retail chain store (Poh Kong, 2016.). This indicates that Poh Kong has the capacity to increase their profit and open more outlets to attract more customers to purchase their product. It is very convenience for customer to visit and purchase the jewelry in their retail outlets. Therefore, Poh Kong able to gain competitive advantage and position in Malaysia as compare to other competitors. Moreover, Poh Kong was listed in The Malaysia Book of Records as the Largest Jewellery Retail Chain in 1998.The Ministry of Domestic Trade Consumer Affairs has awarded several Poh Kong subsidiaries the Fair Prize Shop Awards from 2007 till 2010 in the Jewellery Category in recognition of the Companys good business ethics, quality goods and excellent after sales service (Poh Kong, n.d.). In addition, Poh Kong has been ranked 9th position and 10th position in Malaysia, and it listed in 2004 and 2006 Retail Asia-Pacific Top 50 respectively. Poh Kong has continued to be listed in 2009 and 2010 Retail Asia-Pacific Top 500. Besides, Poh Kong has been listed as Malaysia Top 1000 in 2011 and it also awarded as Malaysia top 10 in 2014. For 2016 Retail Asia-Pacific Top 500, Poh Kong was listed and has been ranked 8th position among Malaysias Top 10 retailers. The award is given out annually to the top performing companies and leaders in various industries as the recognition of their contribution to the country (Poh Kong, n.d.). Based on these awards, we can know that Poh Kong has a good performance in managing the company operation as compare to other competitors. Therefore, Poh Kong has the capacity to become top 10 in Malaysia. It indicates that Poh Kong is a well-known brand of jewelry in Malaysia. Furthermore, Poh Kong endeavors to carry out an action in a sustainable manner and promote responsible practices among its shareholders, suppliers and customers in the marketplace. Poh Kong has owned over 100 outlets provides convenience and accessibility to customers, offering wide range of quality products for customers choices. Poh Kong has provided recycled bag as a gift to the customer to carry their product after made purchase (Poh Kong, n.d.). The group supports nickel safe jewelry products for the protection of consumers health and safety. Therefore, Poh Kong able to reduce the cost in producing packaging items for their products. 5.0 Strategy Formulation Strength-opportunities (SO) strategies use a companys internal strengths to take advantage of external opportunities. The first SO strategy is the largest number of retail shops take advantage on the increasing of demand in the market. Poh Kong has the opportunity to capture most of the market shares since it acts as the largest gold jewelry retailer in Malaysia. It can be explained by Poh Kong uses its advantage of large number of retail outlets and well established brand to target wisely in Malaysia. The next SO strategy is the partnership with Moraglione enables Poh Kong to compete with the global brands, by enjoying the zero tax and taking advantage on the brand name of Moraglione. It also provides an opportunity for Poh Kong to expand its business to abroad. Besides, due to the world-renowned international brand of Moraglione, the cost saving from zero tax and advertisement spending can be utilized for future RD. Weaknesses-opportunities (WO) strategies improve internal weaknesses by taking advantage of external opportunities. First of the WO strategy is the zero duty for exporting jewelry product can enlarge the target market of Poh Kong, which only target in Malaysia currently. It can exports the jewelries to other countries and enjoys the tax advantage directly. Besides, it also can expand their business opportunities to abroad, test the market before it conducts a direct investment at there, and yet increase its profitability. The second WO strategy is the increase demand in the market able to resolve the problem of internal competition. According to research, customers demands are increased and their wants are difficult to be fulfilled. Customers always expect special and differentiate gold jewelries, hence the various brands of Poh Kong able to satisfy their needs and wants. Strength-threats (ST) strategies use a companys strengths to avoid or reduce the impact of external threats. First ST strategy is Poh Kong should uses remain strategy to deal with the high competition in local market. Since it has become the largest jewelry retailers in Malaysia, it will not affect its market leader position in the industry even it remains its business strategy, indeed, it also can avoid from the wasting of capitals in expanding the business. The next ST strategy is company bears the GST by itself. Due to the strong financial position and cash flows, it able to bear the extra charges by maintaining the selling price of gold jewelries. Thus, it can delight and satisfy the customers directly. Weaknesses-threat (WT) strategies defensive tactics aimed at reducing internal weakness and avoiding external threats. The first WT strategy is Poh Kong can launch into abroad and new market in order to avoid from the internal competition and high competitive local market situation. There is less opportunities in local market for Poh Kong to expand its business, thus it should expand its business to abroad, identify new opportunities, and target new markets. The next WT strategy is the company should enhance promotion strategies to tackle the problems of low customer satisfaction, high competition in local market, and slowdown of economy. It can provide price discount, conducts advertisements, and improves customer services to customers, so the customers can be delighted and their needs and wants could be satisfied. 6.0 Conclusion The competitiveness of the Poh Kong Holdings Berhad is the company acts as a leader in terms of innovation in Malaysias jewelry industry. It was one of the first chained jewelry retailers which operating in Malaysia. Its strongly established brand provides it a great competitive advantage over the less well-established competitors, such as Tomei Consolidated Bhd. Furthermore, Poh Kong also has strong reputation and strong market position in global market. It is because the company always involve in Corporate Social Responsibility and creates value for their company, shareholders, employees, customers, community and environment. To the employees, they will receive training and development programs to enhance their skills. Besides, the employees are encouraged to volunteer their time for the needed group while Poh Kong will donates daily essentials, foods and cash to charity home in Klang Valley. Moreover, there are some expectations about the future of the Poh Kong. Nowadays, e-commerce play most important role in the business operation. In order to compete with competitors, it should also focus online trading to its potential customers by providing variety selection of products and accept customized design order from consumer. Next, due to the global economic slowdown, Poh Kong should establish in those countries which do not adversely affect by economic slowdown, such as Indonesia. It is because Indonesia has a good fundamental economic condition amid the global economic uncertainty. In addition, Poh Kong should adopts appropriate financial controlling tools which can assist the company in well controlling on cost and operation management, in order to minimize the financial risk. To avoid the company from carrying many liabilities, it should wisely control budget as well. Besides, it also can make a future contract with the materials suppliers. It can fix the price of the materials with suppliers for future purpose due to the unexpected economic fluctuation. Thus, even if the economic crisis happens again, the sales and profitability of the company will not be affected much, and the expected cost of financial distress can be reduced. (3919 words) REFERENCES Ain, F.   (2016). Marketing Plan of Jewellery. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttps://prezi.com/seznxzph61ee/marketing-plan-of-jewellery/ Annual report. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   4ZFRFB/2475656551x0x873895/70F896F6-8BEE-47AE-82DD  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   7EC400A29940/PANDORA_ANNUAL_REPORT_2015.pdf Annual report. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://www.tomei.com.my/data/TomeiAnnual-Report-2015.pdf Bernama. (2013). Poh Kong. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://english.astroawani.com/business-news/poh-kong-has-no-plans-expand-abroad4394 has no   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   plans to expand abroad. Bharl (2016). Habib Jewel Malaysia Marketing Plan. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttps://www.slidesearch.net/slide/habib-jewel-malaysia-marketing-plan-presentation Bhobe, A. (2014). International Marketing. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/bhobeadvait/im-final-2 Cleffairy. (2015). Poh Kong, The European Affair. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttps://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/8450606-poh-kong-the-european-affair Din, A. (2015).Strategic Analysis of Poh Kong. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://documents.tips/documents/poh-kong-draft.html# Euromonitor. (2015). Jewellery in Malaysia. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://www.euromonitor.com/jewellery-in-malaysia/report Executing Strategy.Ed. Douglas Hughes. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2008. C-62-75. Financial. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials?s=POHKONG:KLS Fmt. (2015).   Consumer Spending Shows Signs of Weakening. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/02/13/consumer-spendingshows-  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   signs-of-weakening/ Gal, S. (2016). Poh Kong Celebrates 40 Years Style with Fashion Showcase of the Latest AnggunCollection. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   https://www.malaysianfoodie.com/2016/05/poh-  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   kong-celebrates-40-years-style-withfashion-showcase-the-latest-anggun-  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   collection.html#.V5FIRrh97IU Gupta, S., Polonsky, M., Woodside, A., Webster, C. M. (2010).The Impact of External Forceson   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Cartel Network Dynamics. Direct Research in the Diamond Industry MarketingManagement,   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   39(2). Gupta, K. (2014). Porters Five Forces Analysis of Diamond Industry. Retrieved March 01, 2017,from   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   http://www.slideshare.net/kritigupta31149/porters-five-forces-analysis-of-diamond  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   industry?next_slideshow=1 Ida, L. (2015). Retail Sector hit as Malaysians Cut Spending to cope with Rising Prices.Retrieved   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   March 01, 2017, from  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/retail-sector-hit-as-  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   malaysians-cut  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   spending-to-cope-with-rising-prices Mehta, M. (2016).Malaysia Aspires to become a Worlds Major Gold Jewellery Supplier.Retrieved   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   March 01, 2017, from http://www.hkjm.com.hk/details.php?lang=engid=123 Miti. (n.d.). Questions on ASEAN China FTA.   Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://www.miti.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/2184 Najumudeen, F. (2012). Jewellery Fit for Royalty. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2012/09/01/jewellery-fit-for-royalty/ Nwazor, T. (2016). Is Gold still a Good Investment Today? Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/toby-nwazor/is-gold-still-a-good  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   investment_b_9294686.html Pandora. (n.d.). Pandora. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from https://www.pandora.net/en-my Poh Kong. (n.d.). Corporate Milestones. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://ir.chartnexus.com/pohkong/milestones.php Poh Kong. (n.d.). Locate Us. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://www.pohkong.com.my/locate-us Poh Kong. (n.d.). Awards and Achievement. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://ir.chartnexus.com/pohkong/awards.php Poh Kong. (n.d.). PohKong. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://www.pohkong.com.my/home Poh Kong. (2014). Annual Report.Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Poh Kong. (2015). Annual Report.Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Poh Kong. (2016). Annual Report.Petaling Jaya, Selangor. PressReader. (2016). Boundless Vitality Gems. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-star-malaysia  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   star2/20160122/282179355095389 Safiyuddin, F. S. (2015). Strategic Management of Poh Kong. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttp://docslide.us/business/strategic-management-of-poh-kong.html Sk Jewelry. (n.d.). Sk Jewerly. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from https://skjewellery.com/en/ Smith, K. (n.d.). Is Buying Gold a Good Investment? Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://www.moneycrashers.com/buying-gold-good-investment/ SooKee. (n.d.). Financial Hightlights. Retrieved March 01, 2017, fromhttps://sookeegroup.com/financial-highlights/ TheStar. (2013). Jeweller Kicks off CSR Programme for Underpriviliged Children. Retrieved March 01,   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   2017, from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/04/05/jeweller-kicksoff-csr-  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   programme-for-underpriviliged-children/ Thompson, Arthur A. Blue Nile Inc.: Worlds Largest Online Diamond Retailer. Crafting and Toh, K. I. (2016). Poh Kong sees Steady Demand for Gold as Economy Slows. Retrieved March 01, 2017,   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   from http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/01/28/poh-kong  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   cautiously-  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   optimistic-this-year/ Tomei. (n.d.).

Farmland Preservation :: Farming Agriculture Conservation Essays

Farmland Preservation Farmland Preservation is something that every person in New Jersey should be aware of. Our Garden State is quickly becoming too populated to hold such a title anymore. As more and more farms disappear, we are losing the precious land and culture, which initially made so many people decide to make New Jersey home. Everyone seems to want to move to the country and away from the city, but soon New Jersey may no longer have the attractive countryside landscape it was once so well known for. The people of New Jersey need to be made aware of what is happening to the landscape and need to realize what their individual impact is on that landscape. The Farmland Preservation Program was officially established with the Agricultural Retention Act of 1983 and the Right to Farm Act of 1983 (1). The program is administered by the State Agricultural Development Committee (SADC), which consists of eleven members all representing the state and general public’s interests on several levels including, agriculture and the environment (1). The main objective of the program is to try and protect farmland from development, whether it is a short time or long time effect. The program buys the development rights from the farmers so as to try and ease the pressure put on them from developers to sell the land entirely to be broken up and developed. Farmland in general has so many benefits for both the farmer and the general public to consider. It is part of our culture here in New Jersey, in fact 75% of the US public agrees that, â€Å"Protecting the environment is so important that requirements and standards cannot be too high† (4). Now, that is a lot of people who are in agreement but now maybe they need to be made aware what they can do to help and what it takes to agree with that statement and mean it. Farms contribute in a big way to the American Dream and the quality of life people assume when they say they want to â€Å" move out the country†.